Japan’s gardens are often seen as more than just places to admire plants. Designed with careful attention to balance, texture, and the changing seasons, they serve as spaces for quiet reflection, shaped by centuries of cultural and spiritual values. It's perhaps no surprise that two gardens in Kyoto were recently named on the New York Times’ list of 25 must-see gardens worldwide, and each offers a different insight into the country’s approach to landscape design.
Saihoji, also known as Kokedera or the Moss Temple, was originally designed in 1339 by the Zen monk Muso Soseki. It introduced the karesansui, or dry landscape garden, a style that uses rocks and raked gravel to imitate the look of flowing water. In the 19th century, however, repeated flooding caused moss to take over the grounds. Rather than removing it, the temple’s monks allowed it to flourish. Today, more than 120 varieties of moss cover the garden and temple, creating a unique, almost otherworldly setting. Visitors must reserve in advance and begin their visit by copying sutras, a Buddhist practice meant to focus the mind before exploring the grounds.
The Katsura Imperial Villa, built by the Imperial Family in the 1600s, is a classic example of a Japanese stroll garden. Rather than presenting one main view, the 17-acre grounds are designed as a walking experience, with new scenes appearing as visitors move along the path. A central pond, stone bridges, and a series of teahouses are arranged to highlight seasonal changes and natural beauty. The layout encourages a slow pace, drawing attention to details like the placement of trees, the surface of the paths, and the shifting light on water. Like Saihoji, a visit to the Katsura Imperial Villa also requires a reservation in advance, with details on the official site here.
